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光胁迫下一种短指软珊瑚(Sinularia sp.)的白化响应研究

Bleaching response of finger leather coral (Sinularia sp.) under light stress

  • 摘要: 软珊瑚是海洋中最普遍的低等无脊椎动物之一,是海洋天然产物及海洋药物研究的热点生物种类。但软珊瑚与造礁石珊瑚均会因环境胁迫以及病害发生白化,目前珊瑚白化研究几乎都以造礁石珊瑚为研究对象,而对软珊瑚的研究极少。本研究通过对比不同白化状态下短指软珊瑚(Sinularia sp.)的虫黄藻密度及多样性、共生细菌多样性、转录组表达等差异,初步研究了短指软珊瑚的白化适应机制。结果表明,短指软珊瑚遮光处理20天左右开始颜色变淡,30天左右完全白化,并无死亡,表现出一定的环境适应性。其白化状态的虫黄藻密度较对照组减少约98.69%,而半白化短指软珊瑚则减少约95.40%,虫黄藻密度下降会导致短指软珊瑚能量获取能力下降,从而会对短指软珊瑚各种生理功能产生影响。与正常短指软珊瑚相比,白化和半白化短指软珊瑚的虫黄藻α多样性和丰度均降低。短指软珊瑚白化后细菌α多样性变低,属于γ-变形菌纲的Endozoicomonas属成为短指软珊瑚共生细菌群落中的优势物种。对比不同白化状态下短指软珊瑚转录组数据,发现短指软珊瑚在白化过程中差异表达上调基因数目增加,而差异表达下调基因数目减少。代谢通路基因分析显示,白化后其蛋白消化与吸收相关的基因表达持续上升,而碳水化合物消化与吸收相关的基因表达显著下降,这些变化可能与白化珊瑚异养营养方式有关。以上结果初步阐述了光照胁迫下短指软珊瑚白化的适应性机制,可为今后进一步探索软珊瑚白化适应性机制提供借鉴。

     

    Abstract: Soft corals represent a significant group of marine invertebrates that are of considerable interest for their potential marine natural products and pharmaceuticals. Similar to stony corals, soft corals are susceptible to bleaching due to environmental stressors and diseases. However, there are limited studies on bleaching in soft corals. This study preliminarily investigates the adaptation mechanisms of Sinularia sp. towards bleaching by examining the changes in its microbiota across various states of bleaching. Transcriptomic analysis was also carried out to identify physiological changes in the corals. Our findings indicate that Sinularia sp. exhibited signs of bleaching after approximately 20 days of shading, achieving complete bleaching by day 30 without mortality, while demonstrating some adaptive responses to environmental changes. Compared to the control group, the densities of zooxanthellae in bleached and semi-bleached corals decreased by approximately 98.69% and 95.40%, respectively. Furthermore, both bleached and semi-bleached corals exhibited reduced α-diversity and abundance of zooxanthellae. Notably, bacterial α-diversity declined post-bleaching, with Endozoicomonas sp. emerging as the dominant genus within the microbiota. Transcriptomic analyses revealed an increase in up-regulated genes and a decrease in down-regulated genes in response to bleaching. Pathway analysis indicated that the expression of genes associated with protein digestion and uptake continued to rise following bleaching, whereas genes related to carbohydrate digestion and uptake significantly decreased. These metabolic alterations may suggest a transition towards a more heterotrophic nutritional strategy in bleached corals. In conclusion, these results provide preliminary insights into the adaptive mechanisms of soft corals in response to photo-induced bleaching and they may provide a lesson for further exploration of adaptive mechanisms of soft coral bleaching.

     

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