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| 4种典型滨海植物的耐盐能力 |
| 杜运领,陈玉珍,钱爱国,郦建锋,徐建强,傅菁菁,蔡鹭春,孙元敏,刘斌,张飞,郑滢,林莉,马勇,汤坤贤,李开河 |
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| (中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司，浙江 杭州 311122;自然资源部第三海洋研究所，福建 厦门 361005;自然资源部海峡西岸海岛海岸带生态系统野外观测研究站，福建 厦门 361005;福建省海洋生态保护与修复重点实验室，福建 厦门 361005;自然资源部海洋生态保护与修复重点实验室，福建 厦门 361005;坡头区自然资源局，广东 湛江 524057) |
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| 摘要: |
| 滨海植物是海岸生态系统的重要组成部分，而绝大部分滨海植物的耐盐能力与生态适应机制尚不清楚，本研究选择马鞍藤（Ipomoea pescaprae）、小刀豆（Canavalia cathartica）、全缘冬青（Ilex integra）、大叶银边海桐（Pittosporum pentandrum）4种滨海典型植物，通过对培养基质及植株叶片施加不同浓度的盐溶液，研究其根系和叶片的耐盐能力。主要结果如下：①根系胁迫中，盐度10导致大叶银边海桐、全缘冬青、小刀豆的老叶变黄或产生黄褐斑，盐度20和30促使植物叶片干枯、落叶，对叶片的损害从叶柄向叶脉延伸；盐度为30的叶片盐胁迫导致少量叶片从叶尖开始干枯；②小刀豆、马鞍藤、全缘冬青与大叶银边海桐分别可耐受盐度为10、20、20、30的短期（49 d）根系盐胁迫，藤本植物的耐盐能力为马鞍藤>小刀豆，灌木的耐盐能力为大叶银边海桐>全缘冬青；4种植物均可耐受盐度30的叶片盐胁迫，耐盐能力为马鞍藤>全缘冬青>大叶银边海桐>小刀豆。结果表明，植物的生长状态值对植物耐盐能力的指示作用更为准确与直观；4种植物均有较强的耐盐能力，均可以作为海岸带、海岛的植被修复品种。植被修复实践中应综合考虑修复位置的海岸高程和离海距离，海水与海浪的影响状况，确定适宜的的植物品种。 |
| 关键词: 海洋生物学 植物生理 滨海植物 植被修复 根系盐胁迫 叶片盐胁迫 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.2022.01.003 |
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| 基金项目:福建省科技计划资助项目（2017Y0059,2021Y0066）；自然资源部第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项基金资助项目（海三科2019017，2020013）；广东省自然资源厅海洋经济发展基金资助项目(2019011) |
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| Salt tolerance of four typical coastal plants |
| DU Yunling,CHEN Yuzhen,QIAN Aiguo,LI Jianfeng,XU Jianqiang,FU Jingjing,CAI Luchun,SUN Yuanmin,LIU Bin,ZHANG Fei,ZHENG Ying,LIN Li,MA Yong,TANG Kunxian,LI Kaihe |
| (Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Ltd., Hangzhou 311122, China;Third Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Xiamen 361005, China; Observation and Research Station of Island and Coastal Ecosystem in the Western Taiwan Strait, MNR, Xiamen 361005, China;Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Xiamen 361005, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology Conservation and Restoration, MNR, Xiamen 361005, China; Third Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Xiamen 361005, China; Observation and Research Station of Island and Coastal Ecosystem in the Western Taiwan Strait, MNR, Xiamen 361005, China;Natural Resources Bureau of Potou District, Zhanjiamg 524057， China) |
| Abstract: |
| Coastal plants are important members of coastal ecosystem, however the knowledges of salt tolerance and their ecological adaptations have not been fully understood yet. In this paper, salt tolerance of four typical plants, Ipomoea pescaprae,Canavalia cathartica,Ilex integr and Pittosporum pentandrum, are studied for purpose of coastal vegetation restoration. The plants were exposed to different gradient of NaCl solutions used leaf surface spray and root system absorption and the plant status, equivalent water thickness and chlorophyll content were observed and measured. The main results included that the salinity of 10 turned the old leaves of P. pentandrum,I. integra and C. catharticayellow or caused yellow-brown spots. The salinities of 20-30 caused plant leaves to wither extending from the petiole to the vein and fall. The salinity of 30 caused some leaves to wither from the tip of leaves. Moreover,I. pescaprae,C. cathartica,I. integr and P. pentandrum could tolerate salinities of 10, 20, 20 and 30 in short-term stress on the roots, respectively. For Liana, the salt tolerance of I. pescaprae was higher than that of C. cathartica. While for dungarunga, the salt tolerance of P. pentandrum was higher than that of I. integra. All leaves of 4 plants su- stained the salinity stress of 30, the salt-tolerant ability turns out to be I. pescaprae>I. integra>P. pentandrum>C. cathartica. The results showed that the indexes of plant status gave better indications of salt tolerance. All 4 plants of high tolerance under salt stress can be used for coastal vegetation restoration. In practice, factors of coast elevations, distance to the sea, water and wave effects should all be fully considered in choosing proper plants for the restoration. |
| Key words: marine biology plant physiology coastal vegetation vegetation restoration root-salt stress leaf-salt stress |