| 摘要: |
| 我国海湾地区高强度开发使得围填海活动频繁、岸线变化显著,分析岸线与围填海的时空动态特征以及互动关系对湾区的发展具有重要意义。运用分形维数、岸线开发利用程度指数和土地利用程度指数等方法，研究了厦门市马銮湾1957—2019年海岸线变迁和围填海的时空演变特征以及互动关系。结果表明：①1957—2019年马銮湾大陆岸线长度减幅达43.0%，其中自然岸线减少了83.4%；岸线长度总体先减后增，岸线分形维数波动变化，岸线主体类型经历了从自然岸线向养殖岸线再到建设岸线、围而未用岸线逐步变迁的过程；岸线开发利用程度指数从0.27上升到0.79，并在1997年后呈现出显著的空间分异特征。②1957—2019年，马銮湾总围填海面积为2 187.39 hm2，其中1957—1972年围填速率最大（83.57 hm2/a）；围填海主要利用类型从耕地向养殖池再到建设用地和未利用地逐步演变，总围填海区土地利用程度指数从0.25增加到0.76。③岸线长度、分形维数受围填海面积、海岸形状、围填海方式等因素共同作用，同时岸线对围填海活动具有约束作用。岸线长度、自然岸线长度与围填海面积成显著负相关，大陆人工岸线长度、岸线利用程度与围填海面积成显著正相关，岸线分形维数与围填海面积无显著相关。本研究可为海湾地区岸线资源的合理利用和围填海管理提供借鉴。 |
| 关键词: 海洋环境科学 岸线变迁 围填海 时空动态 马銮湾 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.2021.02.009 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划资助项目（2017YFC0505801）；中国科学院重点部署资助项目（KFZD SW 324）；国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流资助项目（41661144032） |
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| Spatial-temporal evolution and interaction of shoreline and sea reclamation around Maluan Bay of Xiamen from 1957 to 2019 |
| DING Sheng-ping,CUI Sheng-hui,XU Li-lai,TANG Jian-xiong,YANG Miao-hong |
| (Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, CAS, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Lab of Urban Metabolism in Xiamen, Xiamen 361021, China;Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, CAS, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Lab of Urban Metabolism in Xiamen, Xiamen 361021, China) |
| Abstract: |
| Highly intensive land exploitation has led to frequent reclamation and dramatic change of shoreline of a bay in China. Analyses of the evolution of shoreline and reclamation and their interaction are of great significance for sustainable development of the bay. The spatialtemporal evolution characteristics of the shoreline and sea reclamation as well as their interactions were studied taking Maluan Bay of Xiamen from 1957 to 2019 as a case. Shoreline utilization index, land use intensity index, and fractal dimension are assessed in the study. The results show that (1) the continental shoreline length decreased by 43.0% in the past 62 years, with the natural shoreline length decreasing by 83.4%. The length and of the shoreline decreased firstly and then increased generally, and the fractal dimension of shoreline fluctuated. The main shoreline type experienced a process from “natural shoreline” to “aquaculture shoreline” and then to “construction shoreline and unused shoreline”. The utilization intensity of shoreline increased from 0.27 to 0.79 showing remarkable spatial differences since 1997. (2) The total sea reclamation area was 2 187.39 hm2 in 1957—2019, and the most dramatic growth was observed in 1957-1972 reaching a maximum annual increasing rate of 83.57 hm2. The land use types were changed mainly from farmland to aquatic farm and then to construction land and unused land. At the same time, the land use intensity of the whole reclamation area increased from 0.25 to 0.76. (3) It can be found that both shoreline length and fractal dimension were affected by interactions of many factors such as reclamation area, coast shape and reclamation way. Meanwhile, shoreline constrained reclamation activities. Shoreline length and natural shoreline length were significantly and negatively correlated with the reclamation area, whereas continental artificial shoreline length and shoreline utilization intensity were significantly and positively correlated with the reclamation area. However, there was no significant relationship between the fractal dimension of shoreline and reclamation area. This study can serve as a reference for shoreline exploitation and reclamation management on the bay coastal area. |
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