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基于PIV技术和MTT模型的喷口流场和热通量研究—以龙旂热液区DFF6喷口为例

Research on the flow field and heat flux of hydrothermal vent based on PIV technology and MTT model: a case study of DFF6 vent in the Longqi hydrothermal field

  • 摘要: 海底热液喷口是洋中脊热液循环的重要组成部分,其热通量与流场特征直接影响热液系统的物质输运和能量交换过程,由于深海环境的复杂性和观测手段的限制,目前对羽流流场特征的认识还较为有限,采用的热通量估算方法精度较低。本研究以西南印度洋中脊龙旂热液区为例,结合粒子图像测速(particle image velocimetry, PIV)技术和MTT(Morton-Taylor-Turner)半解析的稳态湍流射流模型(简称MTT模型),对DFF6高温热液喷口的流场结构及热通量进行定量研究。结果表明,DFF6热液羽流在超慢速扩张洋脊背景下具有典型的湍流结构,并受到显著的环境底流影响,羽流发生侧向偏移。在一定范围内,羽流垂向速度随上升高度的增加而增大,最大垂向速度达到48.6 cm/s。热通量估算结果显示,DFF6喷口的热通量约为66.15 MW,最大上升高度为167 m,浮力频率为1.8×10−3 s−1。本研究优化了深海热液系统热通量的估算方法,提升了PIV技术与MTT模型在热液羽流动力学研究中的应用能力,为海底热液系统的物质与能量循环研究提供了重要支撑。

     

    Abstract: Hydrothermal vent fields are crucial components of the mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal circulation system, and their heat flux and flow field characteristics directly affect the material transport and energy exchange processes within hydrothermal systems. Due to the complexity of the deep-sea environment and limitations in observational techniques, current understanding of plume flow field characteristics remains limited, and the methods used for heat flux estimation are of relatively low accuracy. This study centers on the DFF6 high-temperature hydrothermal vent in the Longqi hydrothermal field along the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge. By integrating particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology with the Morton-Taylor-Turner (MTT) semi-analytical steady-state turbulent jet model, we conduct a quantitative investigation on the flow field structure and heat flux of the vent. Results indicate that the DFF6 hydrothermal plume exhibits a typical turbulent structures under the context of an ultraslow-spreading ridge, with significant lateral deflection caused by ambient bottom currents, causing lateral displacement of the plume. Within a certain range, the vertical velocity of the plume increases with rising elevation, reaching a maximum vertical velocity of 48.6 cm/s. The estimated heat flux of the DFF6 vent is approximately 66.15 MW, with a maximum plume rise height of 167 m and a buoyancy frequency of 1.8×10−3 s−1. This study refines the estimation method for heat flux in deep-sea hydrothermal systems, enhancing the application of PIV and MTT models in hydrothermal plume dynamics research and providing critical support for the study of material and energy cycles in submarine hydrothermal systems.

     

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