高级检索

珠江口外海岛潮间带大型底栖生物群落结构特征

Characteristics of macrobenthic communities in intertidal zones of islands outside the Pearl River Estuary

  • 摘要: 为了解珠江口外海岛潮间带大型底栖生物群落组成和分布,本研究于2021年夏季、秋季和2022年春季开展珠江口外的担杆岛、庙湾岛、竹洲岛和高栏岛4个海岛的潮间带大型底栖生物调查。共鉴定出大型底栖生物105种,包括大型藻类16种、软体动物45种、节肢动物24种、环节动物12种、其他类8种,总体以春季种类数、栖息密度、生物量最高,大型藻类仅在高潮区和中潮区采集到,低潮区未采获。聚类分析和非度量多维排序分析结果表明靠近大陆的高栏岛和其他3个外海性岛屿的生物群落在物种组成、栖息密度和生物量的垂直分布,以及种类季节更替率、多样性水平等方面明显不同,底质类型和盐度是影响群落结构和分布特征的主要因素。与20世纪八十年代相比,珠江口外海岛潮间带大型底栖生物栖息密度和生物量均有所下降。靠外海的担杆岛、庙湾岛、竹洲岛断面优势种中出现了较多的经济种,高栏岛出现大量饵料生物资源光滑河篮蛤(Potamocorbula laevis)。丰度/生物量比较(ABC)曲线分析发现,除担杆岛群落较为稳定外,其他海岛均受到一定扰动,尤其是位于自然保护区范围内的庙湾岛,应引起重视并加强保护。

     

    Abstract: To understand the species composition and distribution of intertidal macrobenthic communities at islands outside the Pearl River Estuary, this study conducted surveys of macrobenthic organisms on four islands—Dangan Island, Miaowan Island, Zhuzhou Island, and Gaolan Island — in summer and autumn of 2021 and spring of 2022. As results, a total of 105 macrobenthic species was identified, including 16 species of macroalgae, 45 species of molluscs, 24 species of arthropods, 12 species of annelids and 8 species of others. In general, the highest numbers of macrobenthic species, abundance and biomass were occurred in spring. Macroalgaes were collected only in high and mid-tidal zones, with none found in the low-tidal zone. Cluster analysis and NMDS analysis revealed significant differences in species composition, vertical distribution of habitat density and biomass, seasonal species turnover rate, and diversity levels between Gaolan Island, which is closer to the mainland, and the other three offshore islands (Dangan Island, Miaowan Island, and Zhuzhou Island). The sediment type and salinity were the main factors influencing community structure and distribution of macrobenthos. Compared to the data in 1980s, both abundance and biomass in the intertidal zones of the islands outside the Pearl River Estuary declined. Among the dominant species on the sections of the three offshore islands (Dangan Island, Miaowan Island, and Zhuzhou Island), a higher proportion of economically valuable species was observed, while Gaolan Island exhibited a large number of Potamocorbula laevis, which serves as a food source for other organisms. Abundance/Biomass Comparison (ABC) curve analysis indicated that, except for the relatively stable community on Dangan Island, the other islands were subject to various degrees of disturbance, particularly Miaowan Island, which is within a nature reserve. This highlights the need for more attention and strengthening conservation efforts.

     

/

返回文章
返回