Abstract:
To understand the species composition and distribution of intertidal macrobenthic communities at islands outside the Pearl River Estuary, this study conducted surveys of macrobenthic organisms on four islands—Dangan Island, Miaowan Island, Zhuzhou Island, and Gaolan Island — in summer and autumn of 2021 and spring of 2022. As results, a total of 105 macrobenthic species was identified, including 16 species of macroalgae, 45 species of molluscs, 24 species of arthropods, 12 species of annelids and 8 species of others. In general, the highest numbers of macrobenthic species, abundance and biomass were occurred in spring. Macroalgaes were collected only in high and mid-tidal zones, with none found in the low-tidal zone. Cluster analysis and NMDS analysis revealed significant differences in species composition, vertical distribution of habitat density and biomass, seasonal species turnover rate, and diversity levels between Gaolan Island, which is closer to the mainland, and the other three offshore islands (Dangan Island, Miaowan Island, and Zhuzhou Island). The sediment type and salinity were the main factors influencing community structure and distribution of macrobenthos. Compared to the data in 1980s, both abundance and biomass in the intertidal zones of the islands outside the Pearl River Estuary declined. Among the dominant species on the sections of the three offshore islands (Dangan Island, Miaowan Island, and Zhuzhou Island), a higher proportion of economically valuable species was observed, while Gaolan Island exhibited a large number of
Potamocorbula laevis, which serves as a food source for other organisms. Abundance/Biomass Comparison (ABC) curve analysis indicated that, except for the relatively stable community on Dangan Island, the other islands were subject to various degrees of disturbance, particularly Miaowan Island, which is within a nature reserve. This highlights the need for more attention and strengthening conservation efforts.