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城市海岸带三维绿量时空动态及其对近岸鸟类生境质量的影响—以上海临港新片区为例

Spatial and temporal dynamics of three-dimensional green volume in urban coastal zones and its impact on the quality of bird habitats in the adjacent shorelines: a case study of Lin-gang Special Area in Shanghai

  • 摘要: 全球约三分之一的人口居住于沿海地区,海岸带既是全球快速城市化的典型区域,也是陆海联动一体化协同发展复合生态功能的关键区域。本研究以上海市快速城市化陆海联动区域的临港新片区为研究区域,基于高分辨率的航空遥感影像提取了1987、2010、2015、2020年4期的三维绿量及鸟类生境质量信息,以探索快速城市化过程中海岸带三维绿量的时空动态及其对鸟类生境质量的影响。研究结果表明:①临港新片区绿地面积和三维绿量逐年增加,33年间绿地面积增长了4.44倍,三维绿量增长了5.98倍;临港新片区平均生境质量呈V型变化趋势,分为1987—2015年的下降期和2015—2020年的回升期。受围填海扰动,近33年陆海演替的城市化过程中,高生境质量区域的面积逐渐减少。②利用300 m×300 m网格和相关性分析显示,在2015年之前,临港新片区三维绿量与鸟类生境质量呈显著负相关关系,但此后呈显著正相关关系,呈现明显的V型反转趋势。海岸带三维绿量的持续增加对于改善生境质量起到了显著的促进作用,因此,三维绿量可以作为鸟类生态廊道构建的重要依据。

     

    Abstract: About one-third of the global population lives in coastal areas, where they are not only typical areas of rapid globalurbanization but also important regions for the integrated and coordinated development of land-sea linkage and complex ecological functions. Focusing on the coast zone of Lin-gang Special Area, a rapidly urbanizing land-sea linkage area in Shanghai and based on 0.25 m-resolution aerial remote sensing images, the three-dimensional green volume and bird habitat quality were extracted from four rapid urbanization periods of 1987, 2010, 2015 and 2020 in order to explore the spatio-temporal dynamics of three-dimensional green volume and its impact on bird habitat qualities. Results indicate that firstly the green area and three-dimensional green volume in this area had increased from 1987 to 2020, with a 4.44-fold increase in green area and a 5.98-fold increase in three-dimensional green volume over the 33 years. The trend of the average habitat quality in Lin-gang Special Area exhibiting a V-shaped pattern that can be divided into a decline period from 1987 to 2015 and a recovery period from 2015 to 2020. Affected by reclamation disturbances, the area of high-quality habitats has gradually reduced during the urbanization of land-sea succession in the past 33 years. Secondly, correlation analysis using a 300 m×300 m grid reveals that there was a significant negative correlation between the three-dimensional green volume and bird habitat quality in this area before 2015. However, the relationship turned significantly positive afterwards, displaying a clear V-shaped reversal trend. The continuous increase in the three-dimensional green volume along the coastal zone has played a significant role in improving bird habitat quality. Therefore, the three-dimensional green volume can also be an important consideration when constructing bird ecological corridors.

     

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