Abstract: Based on the environmental survey data from the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) in April (spring) and October (autumn) 2020, the pressure-state-response (PSR) model evaluation, the principal component analysis and the correlation analysis were used to evaluate eutrophication status and the environmental factors in the PRE. Results showed that the PSR comprehensive evaluation for the PRE grade was Moderate-Poor, among the five, “Superior, Superior-Moderate, Moderate, Moderate-Poor and Poor”, and it fluctuated insignificantly in recent years. The primary factors affecting the PRE eutrophication were organic pollutants and nutrients and the secondary factors are chlorophyll and dissolved oxygen. The nutrients were negatively correlated with salinity and positively correlated with chlorophyll in water. Eutrophication in the PRE was mainly caused by terrestrial discharges from the city surrounding areas and the water mixed nutrients and phytoplankton activities had affected the eutrophication status of the PRE.