Abstract: In this study, automatic growth curve analyzer Bioscreen C was used to compare the effects on growth promoting of Lactobacillus plantarum by different concentrations of neoagarotetraose, neoagarohexaose, fermentation broth of Gracilaria lemaneiformis, fructo-oligosaccharide, xylo-oligosaccharide and glucose. The results showed that the optimal concentrations of glucose and fermentation broth of Gracilaria lemaneiformis were 0.4 g/L and 0.8 g/L, respectively, while those of neo-agarose, neo-agarose, fructo-oligosaccharide and xylo-oligosaccharide were all 0.6 g/L. Compared in each optimum concentration, the promoting effect on Lactobacillus plantarum growth ranked from high to low was neoagarotetraose, fructooligosaccharide, neoagarohexaose, fermentation broth of Gracilaria lemaneiformis, xylo-oligosaccharide and glucose. Compared the transcriptome of Lactobacillus plantarum under the conditions of optimum addition (0.6 g/L) and low concentration (0.2 g/L) of neoagarotetraose and neoagarohexaose, the differentially expressed genes were found similar to GO annotation results, which had higher influence on “transporter activity”when the oligosaccharide concentration increased.