Abstract: The seismic exploration of single-channel iswidely used in marine regional geological survey and coastal engineering geophysical prospecting with its layout flexibility,easy operation,and also the high-efficient and low-cost.The author analyze the seismic data acquired by single-channel seismograph without the sparker by the means of FFT(fast fourier transform)and get the spectrum of noise record,and then apply the analysis result to seismic data processing aiming at suppressing the background noise and reserve the useful signal maximumly,and also improving the efficiency of seismic data processing.Accondingto the processing result,the author get two cognition:(1)In general,the frequencyof the backgound noise during marineseismic prospecting is below 200 Hz and the basic frequency of sparkeris usually above 200 Hz,which can be separated on the frequency domain.(2)The high and low frequency signal in seismic record have their own use,the field staff have to acquire the data of background noise as it can provide information for indoor data processing lest filtering the useful signal when deal withthe interference.At last,the author put forward the project of surveying the noise made by research vessel et al,view to study how the different type ofship,navigational speed anddraglength ofhydophone influence thefeatureof background noise in seismic record and figuring out how to control the speed and drag length to maximize the SNR(signal to noise ratio)of original seismic record.