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| 近20年来厦门海域富营养化程度的时空变化 |
| 彭聪慧,董旭,王康,王素敏,孙秀武,霍云龙,王伟力,陈金民,林彩,曾健,熊新月,林辉,陈宝红 |
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| (自然资源部第三海洋研究所，福建 厦门 361005;厦门大学生命科学学院，福建 厦门 361105;厦门海洋职业技术学院，福建 厦门 361102;厦门华厦学院，福建 厦门 361024) |
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| 摘要: |
| 为揭示厦门海域水体富营养化程度的时空变化特征，本研究根据2003年、2013年和2020年秋季在厦门海域开展的3个航次的调查数据，对水体中的溶解无机氮（DIN）和活性磷酸盐（DIP）含量及氮磷比的时空分布进行了研究，并通过第三代潜在性富营养化评价模型(potential eutrophication assessment model, PE3) 评价了厦门海域富营养化程度的变化。结果表明，厦门海域营养盐平均含量及氮磷摩尔比平均值整体上呈现出湾内向湾外递减的空间分布趋势，高值主要集中在厦门西海域和九龙江口临近海域，低值主要出现在大嶝海域。厦门海域DIN平均含量表现为2013年>2020年>2003年，其值分别为（0.789±0.527）、（0.539±0.234）和（0.345±0.167）mg/L；DIP平均含量表现为分别2013年>2003年>2020年，其值分别为（0.070±0.082）、（0.040±0.021）和（0.032±0.009）mg/L；氮磷摩尔比平均比值表现为2020年>2013年>2003年，其值分别为36.2±9.0、28.1±12.7和23.0±19.0。厦门海域的富营养化不仅受沿岸人为活动和陆源径流输入的影响，还受到海域中的海水养殖活动和水体交换能力等的影响。随着近年来厦门市不断加强海洋空间规划的管控，构建陆海统筹的污染防治体系，开展海洋生态综合修复，相较于2003年和2013年，2020年厦门海域富营养化程度明显降低，厦门市海洋生态修复工作取得了显著成效。 |
| 关键词: 海洋化学 营养盐 人类活动 时空变化 综合治理 厦门海域 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.20240528002 |
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| 基金项目:科技部重点研发计划（RX220708）；自然资源部第三海洋研究所基本科研业务（HE01-190702，HE01-220705）；科技基础资源调查专项（2018FY100202） |
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| Spatial and temporal characteristics of the eutrophication in Xiamen sea area in the past 20 years |
| PENG Conghui,DONG Xu,WANG Kang,WANG Sumin,SUN Xiuwu,HUO Yunlong,WANG Weili,CHEN Jinmin,LIN Cai,ZENG Jian,XIONG Xinyue,LIN Hui,CHEN Baohong |
| (Third Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Xiamen 361005, China;School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361105, China;Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361102, China;Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen 361024, China) |
| Abstract: |
| To learn the long-term variations of the eutrophication in Xiamen Sea area, we investigated the spatial and temporal characteristics of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), and DIN/DIP (N/P) molar ratio based on three cruises conducted in Xiamen sea area in autumn of 2003, 2013 and 2020, respectively. We also studied the characteristics of the eutrophications in Xiamen Sea area using a third-generation potential eutrophication assessment model (PE3). Results showed that the nutrient concentrations and N/P molar ratios generally showed a decreasing trend from inside to outside of the Sea area, with higher values mainly in the inner bay and the low values outside the bay, indicating that the Xiamen Sea area was influenced by the coastal anthropogenic activities and terrestrial input. The average DIN concentrations in Xiamen sea area were 0.789±0.527, 0.539±0.234 and 0.345±0.167 mg/L, in order of 2013, 2020 and 2003, respectively. The average DIP concentrations were 0.070± 0.082, 0.040±0.021 and 0.032±0.009 mg/L, in order of 2013, 2003 and 2020, respectively. The average N/P molar ratios were 36.2± 9.0, 28.1±12.7 and 23.0±19.0 in order of 2020, 2013 and 2003, respectively. Not only is the ecological environment of the Xiamen Sea area affected by coastal anthropogenic activities and terrestrial input, but also by the surrounding mariculture activities and its water exchange. In recent years, the government has continuously strengthened the control of marine spatial planning, constructed a land-sea integrated pollution prevention system and carried out comprehensive restoration of marine ecosystem. Comparatively, the eutrophications of Xiamen Sea area in 2020 had been improved, indicating that the ecological restoration of the waters has achieved successful results. In addition, this study can provide data and theoretical support for the further maintenance and management of the ecological environment in Xiamen sea area in the future. |
| Key words: marine chemistry nutrient anthropogenic activity spatial and temporal variation integrated management Xiamen sea area |