| 摘要: |
| 2018年4月在“福建省长乐海蚌资源增殖保护区”及其邻近海域布设31个站位进行底拖网调查取样，共鉴定渔获物45种，其中甲壳类21种、贝类14种、鱼类10种。西施舌（Mactra antiquata）的站位出现率为38.71%。站位的质量密度平均为975.68 kg/km2（0～23 384.53 kg/km2），个数密度平均为2.983×104个/km2（0～59.607×104个/km2）。西施舌种群在渔获物中的IRI值高达 1 556.5 \[仅次于截形白樱蛤(Psammacoma gubernaculum)]，为优势种，表明西施舌在保护区生物资源组成中占有重要的地位；保护区内西施舌的站位出现率及质量密度明显高于区外，表明西施舌资源主要集中分布于保护区范围内；西施舌种群的年龄组分布较广，年龄结构较为合理。大部分西施舌均达到性成熟年龄和大小，表明资源具有可持续发展的潜力。与2006年和2012年的调查结果相比，保护区2018年西施舌资源比2012年有显著提高，分布范围亦有明显扩大，但尚未恢复到2006年的总体水平。综上可以看出，西施舌资源保护区范围总体界定合理，西施舌资源保护显见成效；“福建省长乐海蚌资源增殖保护区”范围内不同区块实行不同程度的禁捕、限捕管控，2011年以来累计放流西施舌种苗253.07万粒，对于西施舌资源恢复和养护管理是有效的举措。 |
| 关键词: 海洋生物学 渔业资源 西施舌 保护成效 保护区 福建长乐 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.2020.04.011 |
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| 基金项目:福建长乐国家级海洋公园海蚌资源现状补充调查资助项目(XMDX2018210A)；福建省长乐海蚌资源增殖保护区海蚌资源调查资助项目(XMDX2019130A) |
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| Current status and protection efficiency for Mactra antiquata stock in Changle, Fujian |
| LIN Jian-jie |
| (Fuzhou Marine and Fisheries Technology Center, Fuzhou 350026, China) |
| Abstract: |
| Trawl investigation was undertaken at 31 stations in and around “Changle Mactra antiquata Resource Breeding Protected Area of Fujian”. A total of 45 species were recorded including crustaceans (21 species), shellfishes (14 species) and fishes (10 species). The average biomass and abundance were 975.68 kg/km2(0-23 384.53）and 2.983×104 ind./km2(0-59.607×104), respectively. M. antiquata, as dominant species, had a high value of IRI (index of relative importance) which was only next to that of Psammacoma gubernaculum. M. antiquata stock mainly concerned in the protected area where the biomass and frequency of occurrence were higher than the surrounding area. The age class of M. antiquata was widely distributed with a reasonable population age structure. Most individuals were sexually matured, indicating that the population had a great potential for sustainable development. The M. antiquata population had significantly increased and distributed in a wider area compared with the population in 2012 although it had not recovered to the level of 2006. In summary, the defined scope of the protected area is reasonable and the stock protection is markedly effective accordingly as different levels of prohibition and capture control were implemented in different sub-areas. Since 2011, a total of 2 530 700 seedling individuals have been released for the stock enhancement, which contributed greatly to the restoration and protection of M. antiquata population. |
| Key words: marine biology fishery stock Mactra antiquata protection effectiveness protected area Changle, Fujian |
