| 摘要: |
| 根据2013—2014年在钦州湾及其邻近海域获取的夏、秋、冬、春4个季节的环境调查资料，分析了表层海水中溶解态重金属的时空变化特征，并运用主成分分析法研究了影响重金属分布的因素。结果表明，Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As含量范围分别为0.214～1.510、nd～0.979、0.132～4.160、0.005～0.106、0.014～2.580、0.012～0.049、1.2～2.2 μg/dm3，各重金属元素含量均处于历史较低水平；夏、秋季重金属的平均含量依次是As>Cu>Zn>Cr>Pb>Cd>Hg，冬、春季则是As>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Cd>Hg；入海径流量受控于降水，使得雨季时Cu、Zn、Cd、Hg、As的含量通常高于干季；东北季风期间大气沉降可能是Pb含量由夏季到春季逐步增高的主要原因；除夏季Pb、Cd和冬季Pb、Cd、Zn外，其它重金属之间具有显著的同源性。陆源输入是钦州湾及其邻近海域重金属的重要来源，咸淡水混合过程（酸碱度变化及物理混合）是影响重金属分布的最主要因素，潮流作用也是影响重金属分布的重要因素。 |
| 关键词: 海洋化学 重金属 时空变化 主成分分析 影响因素 钦州湾 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.2020.04.005 |
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| 基金项目:自然资源部第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目（海三科2013023） |
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| Temporal and spatial variations of heavy metals and influencing factors in Qinzhou Bay and its adjacent waters in 2013-2014 |
| LIN Hong-mei,WANG Wei-li,LIN Cai,SUN Xia,SUN Xiu-wu |
| (Key Laboratory of Global Change and MarineAtmospheric Chemistry of MNR, Xiamen 361005, China;Third Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Xiamen 361005, China) |
| Abstract: |
| Based on the data obtained in summer, autumn, winter and spring in Qinzhou Bay and its adjacent waters in 2013-2014, the temporal and spatial variations of dissolved heavy metals in surface seawater and the factors affecting the distribution of heavy metals are studied with principal component analysis. The results show that the contents of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg and As are in ranges of 0.214-1.510 μg/dm3, less than 0.979 μg/dm3, 0.132-4.160 μg/dm3, 0.005-0.106 μg/dm3, 0.014-2.580 μg/dm3, 0.012-0.049 μg/dm3 and 1.2-2.2 μg/dm3, respectively. The contents are low compared with the data from literatures. The average contents of heavy metals in summer and autumn are in order of As > Cu > Zn > Cr > Pb > Cd > Hg, while in winter and spring they are in order of As > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Cd > Hg. The concentrations of copper, zinc, cadmium, mercury and arsenic in rainy season are usually higher than those in dry season because the runoff to the sea is controlled by the precipitation. The atmospheric deposition during the northeast monsoon period may be the reason for an increasing lead content from summer 2013 to spring 2014. The homology among heavy metals is significant except for lead and cadmium in summer, and lead, cadmium and zinc and cadmium and zinc in winter. Terrigenous input is the most important source of heavy metals in Qinzhou Bay and its adjacent sea areas. The process of adsorption and desorption by change of pH and physical mixing of saltwater and freshwater are the main factors affecting the distribution of heavy metals. Besides, the strong tidal current is another important factor affecting the distribution of heavy metals. |
| Key words: marine chemistry heavy metal spatial and temporal variation principal component analysis influencing factor Qinzhou Bay |
