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海滩养护修复稳定性的后评估研究—以威海石岛湾北流口海滩为例

Post-assessment of beach nourishment and restoration stability: a case study of Beiliukou Beach, Shidao Bay, Weihai

  • 摘要: 海滩修复后评估是研究海滩养护修复工程效果及修复后稳定性的重要手段。然而我国现有的后评估多局限于管理性评价,缺乏对修复机理和构筑物效能的量化评估,难以为海滩修复研究提供有效反馈。为此,本研究构建了一套量化后评估方法体系,在基于持续地形监测数据评估岸滩稳定性的传统流程基础上,凭借沉积动力数值模拟(FVCOM)解析演化机制、评估修复方案的科学性,并基于实测与模拟结果进一步量化评估构筑物的实际效能。并以威海北流口海滩为例进行了案例研究。修复后北流口海滩整体呈现“东侵西淤”演变态势,波生沿岸流是主导近岸输沙与冲淤格局的核心动力因素。各构筑物显著提升了海滩稳定性:拦沙堤年均减少约1.1×104 m3泥沙流失;大风事件下,潜堤可使堤后有效波高和沿岸输沙强度分别降低30%和60%,并使垂直岸线方向上的输沙过程由离岸输沙(13.7 m3/d)转为向岸输沙(12.8 m3/d),反映出该修复工程的良好修复效果和科学性,亦表明本研究建立的评估流程可为系统性科学后评估和修复设计提供支撑。

     

    Abstract: Post-construction assessment of beach restoration is an important approach to studying the effectiveness of beach nourishment projects and the stability of restored beaches. However, existing post-construction evaluations of beach stability in China predominantly rely on management assessments, and lack quantitative analysis of restoration mechanisms and structural efficiency, which hinders effective feedback for beach restoration research. Therefore, this study developed a refined post-assessment methodology, grounded in repeated monitoring, using numerical simulations of costal dynamic processes as the core and quantifying structural performance as the objective; a case study was also conducted at Weihai Beiliukou Beach. The results indicate that after restoration, the beach exhibited an evolutionary trend of “erosion in the east, stability in the center, and deposition in the west and wave-induced longshore currents were the primary driver of sediment transport and the erosion–accretion distribution. Auxiliary structures were well adapted to the regional sedimentary dynamic environment and significantly enhanced overall beach stability. The groins reduced sediment loss by approximately 11 000 m3/year. The submerged breakwaters achieved a significant wave height decrement rate of about 30% and reduced longshore sediment transport by over 60% in the sheltered area, and reversed the cross-shore sediment transport from an offshore transport of 13.7 m3/d to an onshore transport of 12.8 m3/d, reflecting the effectiveness and scientific basis of the restoration project. This shows that the post-assessment technical framework established in this study, which focuses on analyzing of sediment dynamic mechanisms and quantifying of structural unit efficacy, can provide methodological support for systematic and scientific post-construction evaluation.

     

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